Why Does Mathematics Understand the Universe? From Axioms and Physical Reality to the Qur’anic Invitation to Think
In my previous articles, I explored two related questions. The first was about entropy, information theory, and the fundamental limits of computers . Information may appear abstract, but computation ultimately happens in the physical world. Bits require physical states. Processing requires energy. And even our most sophisticated machines remain subject to the laws of physics. The second article took the question further: if computers have limits, does intelligence itself have limits? I argued that humanity has always extended its intelligence through tools—language, writing, mathematics, scientific instruments, computers, and now artificial intelligence. Yet seeing farther does not mean seeing everything. The Qur'an captures that intellectual humility beautifully: (وَمَا أُوتِيتُم مِّنَ الْعِلْمِ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا) "And you have not been given of knowledge except a little." — Qur'an 17:85 But there is another question behind both arti...